Outlines how positivism and post-positivism influences approaches to nursing science (including research methods) and nursing practice as well as your own personal philosophy.
Analyze how the health behavior you identified is affected by at least two levels of the socioecological model (positively or negatively).
Discuss how determinants of health affect the target population that you plan to reach through intervention.
Share the intervention strategy you plan to apply in your community to change health behavior as it relates to the health issue chosen.
Describe the strategies that you would use to communicate the intervention to the community. Make sure to be specific.
Last, discuss any barriers you may possibly face and how you plan to overcome them. This should include discussion of not only the intervention strategy, but also the evaluation of the intervention. What strategies could you use to prove or discredit health educator programming concerns?
Remember, you are trying to convince the group of stakeholders to choose your particular health intervention strategy as the next health initiative for the community. Your presentation should be interesting and contain graphics that are appropriate and attractive. You must also include slide notes that explain what you plan to say in your presentation.
All information presented should be supported by research you have already conducted in this course, but you may also add new research if you choose. It would be to your advantage to utilize the feedback you have received from previous assignments and apply it to this unit.
You must use a minimum of five resources, all which should be properly cited according to APA format. At least one of these sources must come from the Online Library. Your cover and reference slide are not part of the 14-slide minimum.
Please follow the directives to the letter.
Course Textbook: DiClemente, R. J., Salazar, L. F., & Crosby, R. A. (2019). Health behavior theory for public health: Principles, foundations, and applications (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that has been used for curing numerous infections in humans which are difficult to treat via other methods. MRSA is most troublesome, in hospitals prisons and the nursing homes, where it affects patients with open wounds and weak immune system. MRSA advances significantly within a span of 24-48 hours after the occurrence of the symptoms and after that becomes resistant to treatment. The available literature consists of majorly of the observational studies which has inadequate controls for secular trends and confounding to back casual inference. Furthermore, there is inadequate evidence on other outcomes of universal MRSA screening, such as morbidity, harms, resource utilization and mortality rate. Hence, in this research proposal, the focus will be to incorporate the design features and also analytic strategies incorporating secular trends and confounding in MRSA screening. The design will give room for assessment of infection control interventions that will adequately aIDress the outcomes such as morbidity, mortality and harms and also resource utilization.
Overview
The John Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model (JHNEBP) shows three important pillars that form the basis for professional nursing. These pillars are practice, education, and research. Practice refers to the nursing standards that the practitioner is required to abide within disseminating their duties. The American nurses association has identified six standards. Education refers to the basic nursing education at the undergraduate level, which steadily advanced through masters and doctorate. This education also includes the seminars and workshops. According to Hopkins, Nursing research should use the EBP approach fostered towards improving patient care and patient outcomes. The idea is backed by the fact that, with more than 5 million and practicing in most health care facilities, nurses make the largest number of the type quality and the cost of health care provided. (Johns Hopkins Medicine, 2012).
The center for disease control and Prevention (CDC) found that nearly 19,000 Americans died in 2005 from MRSA gotten from hospitals and other health centers. Better Screening of the patients will prove to be very effective since research has revealed that health workers can still get infected by coming into contact with surfaces touched by a patient suffering from MRSA. The contamination increases the chances of the doctor to patient transmission, through contaminated gloves and also patient to patient transmission via unwashed hands. The screening method usually employed is the use of active surveillance cultures.
Most hospitals in USA have reported below average results regarding the prevalence of MRSA. For example, a Veterans Health Administrations (VHA) in Pennsylvania in 2001only brought down infections in the surgery unit by 30%. In this case, all the patients admitted to the hospital were subjected to a nasal swab, to screen for MSRA.
Practice Questions
Among the hospitalized patients:
PICOS (Population, Intervention, comparator, outcome, timing and setting) for the key questions
Population: All the outpatients and all the inpatients will be included in the survey. Besides, one ICU patient, two patients under surgery, and three patients at high risk of MRSA infection will be included in the survey.
Intervention: A MRSA screening will be carried out in all the patients in a setting or to specific wards or specific patients.
The testing methods that will be involved are the rapid turnaround where the results will be available on the same day. We will also use the intermediate turn around where the results will be available after two days. Lastly, we will employ the longer turnaround I which the results will be available more than two days after the testing.
Comparator: No screening or only the selected population is screened.
Timing: Follow up will be implemented for the purposes of intervention
Settings: Wards & intensive care units (ICUs)
Scope
Our survey will focus on the following eight major areas. We will carry out the assessment of MRSA risk, Conduct surveillance programs on MRSA and compliance with the primary infection prevention and control methods. We will also conduct social education to the prone parties, conduct antimicrobial stewardship and lastly enforce the MRSA decolonization strategies.
Statistics
The total number of MRSA infections that have been reported over the last fifteen years stands at 2,753, for high prevalence and 918 for the medium prevalence. Of these infections, the number averted by MRSA screening was 40% for high-risk prevalence and 57% for medium risk prevalence. Hence as we can see, this is still below average.Owing to the above statistics, we can, therefore, conclude that there is still a need to come up with a better and more effective strategy for dealing with MRSA.
The inter-professional team
The recommended infection control membership will include the hospital epidemiologist, infection prevention and the hospital administration. onerepresentative from the senior physician group, critical care unit,senior physician group, pharmacy, and nursing will be incorporated in the committee.
Responsibilities
The infection control committee will be reviewing the surveillance data and coming up with the intervention plans where needed and also formulation and approval of the infection control policies. The committee will also be in charge of reviewing outbreaks & formulating a response and approving the annual goals and objectives of the infection control program.
Evidence Sources
The research will concentrate on literature published between 2000 to date because this is the evidence most applicable to the current nursing profession. Our principal search terms will be methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and prevention & control. We will also search the registry of Cochrane Controlled Trials. Finally, we will search evidence from indexed and electronically searchable conference abstractsmajor professional societies such as the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, among others.(Stetler, 2001; Titler, Cullen, &Ardery, 2002; Weaver, Warren, & Delaney, 2005)
Evidence appraisal
The retrieved sources will be assessed by three independent reviewers for validity to ascertain their credibility, prior to inclusion in the review. The quantitative papers selected for approval will be assessed using standard critical appraisal instruments and also using the assessment and review of the information package.
MRSA surveillance methodology
The purpose of the surveillance will be to identify the trends and the outbreaks so as to identify the incidence of MRSA in the patients.
The population may either be considered in general or maybe unit specific. The basis will be on previous studies that have shown that populations such as dialysis patients and those in ICU are highly prone to MRSA infection and colonization. The indicator will be MRSA infection or colonization in the targeted population
The period of the survey is estimated be one year so as to study a good number of cases to form a valid basis for analysis.
Data sources and selection
Two major pieces of research will be conducted, running for one year. While one will employ the randomized and the nonrandomized comparative studies, the other will concentrated on the randomized controlled trials approach, non-randomized comparative studies, and the case series approach. Both studies will use similar search tools. The titles and abstracts will be scrutinized for the studies that will evaluate the MRSA infection, morbidity, life expectancy, and resource utilization when screening for MRSA compared with limited or no screening at all.
Data extraction and quality assessment
The team of reviewers will abstract the data and later the data will be fact checked by another independent reviewer. Any disagreement will be resolved through a discussion by the team of reviewers.
Data synthesis and analysis
We will use the Fishers exact test to see if there is substantial evidence that the distribution of genotypes varies for clinical and employees. We will also employ the Poisson regression analysis of the data collected to verify if there was a statistically significant variation in the number of Ventilator-associated pneumonia post carrying out of universal screening.
Translation
Basedon the evidence from the validated sources, the project results revealed that body hygiene n. Hence, the implementation of this project will assist in curbing the prevalence of the infection to a great extent.
Next steps
We look forward to the approval of the project so that we can embark on the data collection, to assist us in the analysis
Conclusion
Since, there is inadequate evidence on other outcomes of universal MRSA screening, such as morbidity, harms, resource utilization and mortality rate. There is also inadequate evidence to back the efficiency of MRSA screening on any outcomes in the other settings. The available literature consists of majorly of the observational studies which has inadequate controls for secular trends and confounding to back casual inference. The basis of our argument is because other inventions are bundled together with MRSA screening in an inconsistent manner
Hence, future research in MRSA screening should incorporate the design features and also analytic strategies incorporating secular trends and confounding. The design should give room for assessment of infection control interventions that will adequately aIDress the outcomes such as morbidity, mortality and harms and also resource utilization.
Recommendations
Limitation
The available literature is limited in terms of the evidence that can be used to support the claims that MRSA screening reduces the chances of infection.future comprehensivedelocalization therapy.
References
Dearholt, S., & Dang, D. (2012). Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-based Practice: Models and Guidelines. Sigma Theta Tau.
Institute of Medicine (U.S.), In Eden, J., In Levit, L. A., In Berg, A. O., & In Morton, S. C. (2011). Finding what works in health care: Standards for systematic reviews. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Liu, C., Bayer, A., Cosgrove, S. E., Daum, R. S., Fridkin, S. K., Gorwitz, R. J., & Chambers, H. F. (2011). Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children. Clinical infectious diseases, ciq146.
Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Executive Summary | AHRQ Effective Health Care Program. (2015.). Retrieved from http://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/index.cfm/search-for-guides-reviews-and-reports/?pageaction=displayproduct&productid=1551
Conflict Resolution at the St. Clare Hospital
The St. Clare Hospital was founded in 1988. In the past few years, the revenues have dropped steadily to a point where CEO James Edwards is considering cost control to improve the organizations bottom line. Mr. Edwards understands physicians play a critical role in controlling cost, but they do not have a great interest in cooperating with him to sustain the viability of the hospital. Mr. Edwards decides to hire Wendy Jones as the chief operating officer and empower her to cut costs for the hospital. The first measure taken by Ms. Jones is to outsource the interpretation of imaging readings and fire the radiologist Dr. Harris. By doing so, the hospital would save $160,000 per year. However, after two weeks, the hospital sees 18% inaccuracy rates in outsourced reading reports. The hospital might face legal liabilities from inaccurate readings. Mr. Edwards and Ms. Jones want to stay with the plan to control costs, but the physicians are furious. The medical director, Dr. Wiseman, gathers all staff physicians to a call for action.
Write a four-to six-page double-spaced paper (excluding title and reference pages), aIDressing the following:
Describe types of conflict identified in this case.
Explain conflict management styles evidenced in this case.
Propose a conflict resolution strategy to be used.
Recommend strategies to reduce cost and legal liabilities.
Including an introduction and conclusion paragraph, your paper must be four to six double-spaced pages (excluding title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Writing Center. Utilize a minimum of three scholarly and/or peer-reviewed sources, including the textbook, that were published within the last five years. Document all references in APA style as outlined in the Writing Center APA Checklist.
Carefully review the Grading Rubric for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.
Proofreading Your Draft
Prior to submitting your Week 3 Assignment to WayPoint, use Grammarly to proofread your draft. A final draft should be complete, well-developed, refined, and error-free. It is important to proofread your work for grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure before submitting it.
Part 1- 400 word discussion post, APA, 2 references
This week you will shadow and interview a nurse leader. Please post your questions for the interview and offer some background as to why these questions were chosen.
So below are the questions to ask, basically the post is to say why are those questions necessary to ask.
8. What is your leadership style?
Impact of birth trauma on breast-feeding: A tale of two pathways
What is the Impact of birth trauma on breast-feeding: A tale of two pathways
Assignment 1: Final Project Part II: Reading a Study. Using this checklist read and evaluate the article Diagnosed with Breast Cancer While on a Family History Screening Programme: An Exploratory Qualitative Study.
Research Evaluation Checklist
Complete the checklist below for the study/article you are to evaluate.
Definetopicandneed.
Assessrelevantknowledge.
Identify variables andmeasures,andresearchquestionsandhypotheses.
Identify andanalyzetheresearchdesign.
Analyzethesample.
Gather data.
Analyzedata.
Assessresults.
Evaluaterecommendations.
Whatrecommendations can be made on the basis ofresults?
Whatrecommendations are made thatcannot be supported with results?
Evaluatethestudy.
Assignment 2: Final Project Part III: Designing a Study
You are the hospital administrator in a medium-sized, urban, for-profit hospital that caters to miIDle-income groups. You wonder if patients satisfaction with the hospital stay will increase significantly if they are given better and more flexible meal options. You decide to conduct a research study to find the answer. The first step is to design the study.
Design a descriptive study to investigate if better meal options will increase patient satisfaction. Include the following elements of design:
After you complete building the study design, list three design elements you considered in your study that were not readily obvious in the one you read last week Diagnosed with Breast Cancer While on a Family History Screening Programme: An Exploratory Qualitative Study.
By Week 3, Day 6, submit your study design and list of three identified design elements in a Word document to the W3: Assignment 2 Dropbox.
Name your document as SUO_HCM4004_W3_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.doc.
Cite relevant sources in the APA format on a separate page.
| Assignment 2 Grading Criteria | Maximum Points |
| Developed the research question or purpose of study. | 75 |
| Described the sample. | 10 |
| Defined measurements. | 10 |
| Described the method of data collection. | 10 |
| Listed three study design elements that were not readily obvious in previous weeks assignment and explained the purpose of each. | 80 |
| Presented a structured document free of spelling and grammatical errors. Properly cited sources using the APA format. | 15 |
| Total | 200 |
Assignment 3: Final Project Part IV: Comparing Study Designs
In previous weeks you have reviewed, researched and evaluated finding a study, reading a study, and designing a study,
Using the knowledge you have gained from these exercises, describe, and compare the three study designsexploratory, descriptive, and explanatory. What biases are built into these three research study designs? Provide specific examples to illustrate your points, building on the material covered to date.
Click here to download the assignment template and enter your responses in it. This is the template.
Study Designs
Compare the three study designs exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory.
Enter your answers below.
Exploratory
<Describe the bias likely in this design.>
<Explain your reasons for thinking this bias is likely in this design.>
<Give examples of studies where this bias might appear.>
Descriptive
<Describe the bias likely in this design.>
<Explain your reasons for thinking this bias is likely in this design.>
<Give examples of studies where this bias might appear.>
Explanatory
<Describe the bias likely in this design.>
<Explain your reasons for thinking this bias is likely in this design.>
<Give examples of studies where this bias might appear.>
Imagine that you work for a state health department. Your supervisor has asked that you review vaccines for an upcoming training session for public health professionals. You will present this information in a professional report. For this report, you will select a vaccine-preventable disease or biological agent and describe the characteristics of a homeostatic system in both health and in a diseased state. Your report should include the pathophysiological impact on the body system affected in disease, how the disease functions in homeostasis, as well as a physiological explanation as to how the vaccine works.
Describe the methods for monitoring solution implementation.hospital acquired infections
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